Access to credit and non-farm activities: A quantitative analysis of household surveys in rural Vietnam

Author:
Key words: , , , ,
Issue: Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022

Abstract


The authors investigated the role of formal and informal credit in non-farm activities among Vietnamese rural households using pooled cross-sectional data from household surveys in 2016 and 2018. The econometric analysis confirms that households with more loans are more likely to engage in non-farm activities and increase the intensity of such activities. The probability and intensity of non-farm activities are also determined by the level of education and occupation of household heads. In addition, the presence of non-farm opportunities and access to roads in a commune increase the chance of non-farm participation for households living in that commune. The study suggests that policy interventions for promoting rural non-farm economy should aim to improve rural households’ access to formal credit, better education, and non-farming opportunities.

Full text


Permalink (doi)



Authors Affiliations


Dinh Van Nguyen* (1)

(1) Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence address
Email: dinhnvisvnu@gmail.com

References


Ali, D.A., Deininger, K. and Duponchel, M. (2014), “Credit constraints and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural Rwanda” Journal of Development Studies, vol. 50, no. 5, p. 649-665.
Asfaw, A., Simane, B., Hassen, A. and Bantider, A. (2017), “Determinants of non-farm livelihood diversification: evidence from rainfed-dependent smallholder farmers in northcentral Ethiopia (Woleka sub-basin)”, Development Studies Research, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 22-36.
Atamanov, A. and Van den Berg, M.J.A.E. (2012), “Participation and returns in rural nonfarm activities: evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic”, Agricultural Economics, vol. 43, no. 4, p. 459-471.
Berhe, H.T. (2020), “Households’ nonfarm livelihood participation and agricultural inputs investment: Evidence from northern Ethiopia”, African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, p. 1-16.
Briggeman, B.C., Towe, C.A. and Morehart, M.J. (2009), “Credit constraints: their existence, determinants, and implications for US farm and nonfarm sole proprietorships”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 91, no. 1, p. 275-289.
Cardoso, A.R., Fontainha, E. and Monfardini, C. (2010), “Children’s and parents’ time use: Empirical evidence on investment in human capital in France, Germany and Italy”, Review of Economics of the Household, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 479-504.
Chowdhury, S. (2017), Microfinance and rural non-farm employment in developing countries, IZA World of Labor, IZA, viewed 11 May 2021, shorturl.at/ewEKO.
Corral, L. and Reardon, T. (2001), “Rural nonfarm incomes in Nicaragua”, World Development, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 427-442.
DFID (1999), Sustainable livelihood guidance sheets: Introduction, Department for International Development, UK, viewed 11 May 2021, shorturl.at/nDQ18.
Doan, T.T. (2011), “Impacts of household credit on the poor in peri-urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam”, PhD Thesis, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Do, T.L., Nguyen, T.T. and Grote, U. (2019), “Nonfarm employment and household food security: Evidence from panel data for rural Cambodia”, Food Security, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 703-718.
Escobal, J. (2001), “The determinants of nonfarm income diversification in rural Peru”, World Development, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 497-508.
FAO (2020), Viet Nam at a glance, viewed 11 May 2021, shorturl.at/htAQ3.
Gibson, J. and Olivia, S. (2010), “The effect of infrastructure access and quality on non-farm enterprises in rural Indonesia”, World Development, vol. 38, no. 5, p. 717-726.
GSO (2019), Press release on results of the population and housing census 2019, Hanoi, Vietnam: General Statistical Office.
Heckman, J.J. (1979), “Sample selection bias as a specification error”, Econometrica: Journal of the econometric society, vol. 47, no. 1, p. 153-161.
Hoang, T.X., Pham, S.C. and Ulubaşoğlu, M.A. (2014), “Non-farm activity, household expenditure, and poverty reduction in rural Vietnam: 2002–2008”, World Development, vol. 64, p. 554-568.
Huang, J., Wu, Y. and Rozelle, S.J.A.E. (2009), “Moving off the farm and intensifying agricultural production in Shandong: a case study of rural labor market linkages in China”, Agricultural Economics, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 203-218.
Khandker, S.R. (1996), “Role of targeted credit in rural non-farm growth”, The Bangladesh Development Studies, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 181-193.
Kozel, V. (2014), Well begun but not yet done: Progress and emerging challenges for poverty reduction in Vietnam, World Bank Publications, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Lim‐Applegate, H., Rodriguez, G. and Olfert, R. (2002), “Determinants of non‐farm labour participation rates among farmers in Australia”, Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol. 46, no. 1, p. 85-98.
Mech, A., Borah, K.C. and Mech, A. (2017), “Determinants of Rural Nonfarm Employment: A Study in Dibrugarh District of Assam”, Journal of Rural Development, vol. 36, no. 3, p. 379-396.
Nwosu, E.O., Orji, A., Urama, N.E., Emecheta, C., Chukwuma, Q.O. and Chukwuma, J.N. (2020), “Social Capital, Credit Access and Household Nonfarm Enterprises in Nigeria: A new Empirical Evidence”, Forum for Social Economics, p. 1-21.
Papke, L.E. and Wooldridge, J.M. (1996), “Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401 (k) plan participation rates”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 619-632.
Pham, T.H., Bui, T.A. and Le, D. (2010), Is nonfarm diversification a way out of poverty for rural households? Evidence from Vietnam in 1993-2006, viewed 15 May 2021, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1715603.
Phan, D.H., Tran, T.Q., Phan, A. and Hoang, L.X. (2019), “A quantitative analysis of farmland and households’ livelihood in rural Vietnam”, Human Geographies – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geograph, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 125-138.
Raihan, S. and Haque, S.T. (2018), “What Determines the Choice Between Farm and Nonfarm Employments in the Rural Bangladesh?”, in S. Raihan (ed) Structural Change and Dynamics of Labor Markets in Bangladesh. South Asia Economic and Policy Studies, Springer, Singapore.
Ruben, R. (2001), “Nonfarm employment and poverty alleviation of rural farm households in Honduras”, World Development, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 549-560.
Rigg, J. (2006), “Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the rural South”, World Development, vol. 34, no. 1, p. 180-202.
Senadza, B. (2012), “Non‐farm income diversification in rural Ghana: Patterns and determinants”, African Development Review, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 233-244.
Tang, S. and Guo, S. (2017), “Formal and informal credit markets and rural credit demand in China”, paper presented at 4th International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering (IEIS).
Tarp, F. (2017), Growth, Structural Transformation, and Rural Change in Viet Nam: A Rising Dragon on the Move, Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Tran, T.Q. (2014), “A review on the link between nonfarm employment, land and rural livelihoods in developing countries and Vietnam”, Ekonomski horizonti, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 113-123.
Tran, T.Q. (2015), “Nonfarm employment and household income among ethnic minorities in Vietnam”, Ekonomska istraživanja, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 703-716.
Tran, T.Q. and Dinh, V.T.T. (2021), “Provincial governance and financial inclusion: micro evidence from rural Vietnam”, International Public Management Journal, p. 1-21.
Tran, T.Q., Van Vu, H. and Doan, T.T. (2016), “Factors affecting the intensity of nonfarm participation among ethnic minorities in Northwest Mountains, Vietnam”, International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 43, no. 4, p. 417-430.
Tran, T.Q. and Vu, H.V. (2020), “The pro-poor impact of non-crop livelihood activities in rural Vietnam: A panel data quantile regression analysis”, Economic Analysis and Policy, vol. 68, no. 4, p. 348-362.
van de Walle, D. and Cratty, D. (2003), “Is the emerging non‐farm market economy the route out of poverty in Vietnam?”, Economics of Transition, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 237-274.

This post has already been read 6879 times!

About journal

Title: Human Geographies - Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography
ISSN online: 2067-2284
ISSN print: 1843-6587
Imprint: University of Bucharest
Frequency: Biannual (May&November)
First volume: 1/2007
Current volume: 18/2024
Language: English
Indexed in: SCOPUS, ERIH PLUS, EBSCO (SocINDEX), ProQuest (Social Science Journals, SciTech Journals, Natural Science Journals), Index Copernicus, National Technical Information Service (NTiS), Bodleian Libraries, ExLibris SFX, DOAJ, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library, Google Scholar, Ulrich
Creative Commons License


EDITORS


Prof. dr. Liliana Dumitrache
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Daniela Dumbrăveanu
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Mariana Nae
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Gabriel Simion
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

SCImago Journal & Country Rank