Tourism souvenir tattoos, between perception and significance. Case study: Bucharest’s population

Author: , and
Key words: , , ,
Issue: Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024

Abstract


Tattoos have always represented forms of cultural manifestation specific to signature groups (either ethnic or others). As a visual representation, they often transmit information about cultural characteristics through symbols. In different periods, over time, society has frequently perceived tattoos as controversial due to their association with people who showed antisocial behaviour and/or were usually part of the lower/poor social classes. Today, modern societies see tattooing as an art form, and the creativity and ingenuity shown by tattoo artists produce genuine cultural and aesthetic currents, each with its characteristics and manifestations. Romanian society has recently seen a significant emergence of artistic representations of tattoos due to a change in the perception of new generations regarding seeing and having tattoos. Tourism souvenir tattoos represent a relatively recent practice, and they have grown in scope and implementation in recent decades due to a more liberal perception of tattoos in general as well as an increase in tourists’ mobility. In this context, this study explores the role of tattoos as tourism souvenirs, highlighting their significance and emotional impact on tourists. This research aims to contribute to understanding the complexity of the relationship between personal identity and travel experiences through tattoos using an interdisciplinary approach. The study’s objectives include identifying why tourists choose tattoos as souvenirs and analysing their perception and emotional response to tattoos’ symbolism. The study’s results prove that there is a strong correlation between getting souvenir tattoos and an emotional response from tourists who intend to maintain an emotional connection with the place they visited, have a reminder of the state of mind they were in during the visit and especially emphasise that the destination has had a positive impact on them. The tattoo acquired after a tourism experience represented a form of storytelling that aims to evoke pleasant experiences, strong memories, or unforgettable places. The chosen symbolism is often closely related to the traveller’s personality, beliefs, or passions, and its visual representation is very personal.

Full text


Permalink (doi)



Authors Affiliations
Mihaela Preda (1), Monica Maria Cincasciuc (1), Iuliana Vijulie* (1)

(1) University of Bucharest, Romania
* Corresponding author
Email: iuliana.vijulie@geo.unibuc.ro

References


Andrew. (2017). Tattoo tourism. Retrieved from: https://info.painfulpleasures.com/blogs/tattoo-tourism.
Bond, N., & Falk, J. (2013). Tourism and identity-related motivations: Why am I here (and not there)? International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(5), 430-442.
Bonsu, S., & Belk, R. (2003). Do Not Go Cheaply into That Good Night: Death-Ritual Consumption in Asante, Ghana. Journal of Consumer Research, 30, 41-55,
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Broussard, A. K., & Harton, C. H. (2018). Tattoo or taboo? Tattoo stigma and negative attitudes toward tattooed individuals, The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(5), 521-540.
European Commission. (2022). Regulamentul nr. 586/2022 de modificare a anexei XIV la Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1907/2006 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului privind înregistrarea, evaluarea, autorizarea și restricționarea substanțelor chimice (REACH), Retrieved from: https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/geytanjqhe3de/regulamentul-nr-586-2022-de-modificare-a-anexei-xiv-la-regulamentul-ce-nr-1907-2006-al-parlamentului-european-si-al-consiliului-privind-inregistrarea-evaluarea-autorizarea-si-restrictionarea-substante (accessed on 14.10.2024).
DeMello, M. (2000). Bodies of Inscription. A Cultural History of the Modern Tattoo Community. Durham & London: Duke University Press.
Desantis, M. (2017). Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau tattoo meaning. Retrieved from: https://www.teenvogue.com/story/justin-trudeau-tattoo-meaning.
Dresler, E. (2021). Tattoo as a personalised souvenir: pictorial presentation of tourism experience, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(9), 1007-1023,
Eurofins. (2018). Seven EU Member States Introduce National Legislation on Tattoo Ink Chemicals and Permanent Make-Up, Retrieved from: https://chem-map.com/chemical_news/seven-eu-member-states-introduce-national-legislation-on-tattoo-ink-chemicals-and-permanent-make-up/
European Chemicals Agency. (2020). Cernelurile pentru tatuaje și machiajul permanent, Retrieved from: https://echa.europa.eu/ro/hot-topics/tattoo-inks
Finke, F. (1995). Tätowierungen in modernen Gesellschaften: Ihre sozialen Funktionen und Bedeutungen. Osnabrück: Universitätsverlag Rasch.
Hart, C. (2008). Tatuado. Potsdam: H.F. Ullmann.
Ink Happened. (2024). How old do you have to be to get a tattoo in the world. Tattoo legal age in Europe, Retrieved from: https://inkhappened.com/how-old-do-you-have-to-be-to-get-a-tattoo/
Kim, J. H., & Chen, J. S. (2019). The memorable travel experience and its reminiscence functions. Journal of Travel Research, 58(4), 637–649.
Kuhn, A. (2011). Thailand to tattoo tourists: Think before you ink. Retrieved from: https://www.wbur.org/npr/137228187/thailand-to-tattoo-tourists-think-before-you-ink.
Le Breton, D. (2002). Signes d ́identité. Tatouages, piercings et autres marques corporelles. Paris: Métailiè.
Lobstädt, T. (2011). Tätowierung, Narzissmus und Theatralität. Selbst-wertgewinn durch die Gestaltung des Körpers. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Lynn, I., Chen, L., Scott, N., & Benckendorff, P. (2017). Mindful tourist experiences: A Buddhist perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 1-12.
Maffesoli, M. (2001). El instante eterno. El retorno de lo trágico en las sociedades posmodernas. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Millington, A. (2017). 15 Cities where tourists are most likely to get a tattoo. Retrieved from: https://www.insider.com/cities-where-tourists-are-most-likely-to-get-a-tattoo-2016-12.
Legislative portal. (2011). Ordinul nr. 1.832/856/2011 privind aprobarea Clasificării ocupațiilor din România – nivel de ocupație, Monitorul Oficial nr. 561 din 8 august 2011, Retrieved from: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/130641
Legislative portal. (2024). Ordinul nr. 1648/2024 privind aprobarea Normelor de igienă pentru saloanele de înfrumusețare și saloanele de tatuaj, piercing și implantare dermală, Monitorul Oficial nr. 330 din 10 aprilie 2024, Retrieved from: https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/281606
Moulton, K. L. (2022). Exploring tattoo artists’ understanding of decorative non-medical professional tattooing as a method of scar camouflage and decoration. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(2), 540–547.
Nassenstein, N., & Rüsch, M. (2019). Skinscape Souvenirs and Globalized Bodies. Tattoo Tourism and Language in East Africa, Tattoo Histories, Edition 1st Edition, Imprint Routledge, p. 19, eBook ISBN 9780429319228.
Ozanne, M., Tews, M.J., & Mattila, A. S. (2019). Are tattoos still a taboo?: The effect of employee tattoos on customers’ service failure perceptions”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 874-889.
Patterson, M. (2017). Tattoo: marketplace icon, Consumption Markets & Culture. 21(6), 582-589.
Peck, A. & Stroud, C. (2015). Skinscapes, Linguistic Landscape, I(1-2), 133-151.
Sasso, S. (2019). The most unforgettable celebrity tattoos of 2019 – So far. Retrieved from: https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/02/224821/celebrity-tattoos-2019#slide-17.
Seiter, J. S., & Hatch, S. (2005). Effect of tattoos on perceptions of credibility and attractiveness. Psychological Reports, 96, 1113-1120.
Soukhathammavong, B., & Park, E. (2019). The authentic souvenir: What does it mean to souvenir suppliers in the heritage destination? Tourism Management, 72, 105-116.
Steadman, C., Banister E., & Medway, D. (2018). Ma(r)king memories: exploring embodied processes of remembering and forgetting temporal experiences, Consumption Markets & Culture, 22(3), 209-225.
Steadman, C., Medway, D., & Banister, E. (2023). Consuming memorial tattoos: the body as marketplace object? Consumption Markets & Culture, 27(2), 216-232.
Swanson, K. K., & Horridge, P. E. (2006). Travel motivations as souvenir purchase indicators. Tourism Management, 27(4), 671–683.
Thompson, B. Y. (2018). Heavily Tattooed and Beautiful?’: Tattoo Collecting, Gender and Self-Expression. In S. Holland & K. Spracklen (Eds.), Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces: Essays on Alternativity and Marginalization (Emerald Studies in Alternativity and Marginalization), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds (pp. 119-132).
Turner, T. S. (2012). The Social Skin. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 2: 486-504.
Walzer, A. & Sanjurjo, P. (2016). Media and contemporary tattoo. Communication & Society, 29(1), 69- 81.
Walzer, A. (2015). Tatuaje y significado: en torno al tatuaje contemporáneo. Revista de Humanidades, 24, 193-216.
Welsh, E. (2002). Dealing with data: Using NVivo in the qualitative data analysis process. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(2). Retrieved from: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dealing-with-data-using-nvivo-qualitative/docview/867759998/se-2
Wilkins, H. (2013). Souvenirs and Self-identity. In J. Cave L. Jolliffe, and T. Baum (Eds.), Tourism and Souvenirs: Global Perspectives from the Margins, 40-8. Bristol: Channel View.
Wohlrab, S., Fink, B., Kappeler, P. M., & Brewer, G. (2009). Differences in personality attributions toward tattooed and nontattooed virtual human characters. Journal of Individual Differences, 30, 1-5.

This post has already been read 1059 times!

About journal

Title: Human Geographies - Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography
ISSN online: 2067-2284
ISSN print: 1843-6587
Imprint: University of Bucharest
Frequency: Biannual (May&November)
First volume: 1/2007
Current volume: 18/2024
Language: English
Indexed in: SCOPUS, ERIH PLUS, EBSCO (SocINDEX), ProQuest (Social Science Journals, SciTech Journals, Natural Science Journals), Index Copernicus, National Technical Information Service (NTiS), Bodleian Libraries, ExLibris SFX, DOAJ, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library, Google Scholar, Ulrich
Creative Commons License


EDITORS


Prof. dr. Liliana Dumitrache
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Daniela Dumbrăveanu
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Mariana Nae
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

Dr. Gabriel Simion
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography- Human and Economic Geography Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Av., 010041, Bucharest, Romania

SCImago Journal & Country Rank