Analysis of smart governance applications in Indonesia (Case Study of Smart Province DIY & West Java)
Abstract: The implementation of smart governance applications in two pilot projects of the Smart Province in Indonesia, the Jogja Istimewa (DIY) and Sapawarga (West Java) applications, follows different approaches to developing smart governance applications. This study focuses on the types of services provided by each application and on the evaluation of user perceptions, obtained through documentation and data scraping. Jogja Istimewa emphasises transparency, cultural preservation, and digital inclusion. Meanwhile, Sapawarga is oriented towards administrative efficiency, cross-sector integration, and the improvement of data-driven public services. Analysis of user review evaluations confirms these differences in orientation through variations in satisfaction levels, temporal trends, relative participation, and perceptions of application performance. These findings confirm that the effectiveness of smart governance implementation depends not only on technological readiness but also on the local government’s ability to understand the socio-spatial context, citizens’ needs, and the digital divide between rural and urban areas.
Full text .pdf
Permalink (doi) http://dx.doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2026.201.2
Authors: Berlita Devika Putri* (1), Rini Rachmawati (1), Nur Mohammad Farda (1)
1) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
* Corresponding author
Email: rinirachma@ugm.ac.id
References
Abdillah, R., & Pramesti, A. (2024). Dampak rating dan ulasan konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian di e-commerce. Seminar Nasional AMIKOM Surakarta (SEMNASA), 1480-1494. Sukoharjo: AMIKOM Surakarta.
Aditya, T., Ningrum, S., Nurasa, H., & Irawati, I. (2023). Community needs for the digital divide on the smart city policy. Heliyon, 9, e18932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18932.
Akhirul, Witra, Y., Umar, I., & Erianjoni. (2020). Dampak negatif pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap lingkungan dan upaya mengatasinya. JKPL: Jurnal Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Lingkungan, 1(3), 76-84.
Alkaf, A., & Sutrisno, B. (2019). Smart surveillance dan keteraturan sosial (Studi kasus implementasi smart city di Kota Bandung). Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 18(1), 91-105.
Amba, N., Saleky, S., & Sahertian, O. (2023). Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan publik terhadap kepuasan masyarakat di Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Administrasi Terapan, 2(1), 233-239.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2023). Statistik penetrasi internet di Indonesia 2023.
Bappenas. (2018). Menteri Bambang: Tahun 2045 populasi perkotaan 67 persen dari populasi Indonesia. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from
https://www.bappenas.go.id/index.php/berita/menteri-bambang-tahun-2045-populasi-perkotaan-67-persen-dari-populasi-indonesia.
BPS Provinsi DIY. (2025). Provinsi DIY dalam Angka 2025. Yogyakarta: BPS Provinsi DIY. Retrieved June 1, 2025, from
https://yogyakarta.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/02/28/62dc9b4620317fb350b9ba3e/provinsi-daerah-istimewa-yogyakarta-dalam-angka-2025.html
BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2025). Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam Angka 2025. Bandung: BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat. Retrieved June 1, 2025, from https://jabar.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/02/28/d906b36c4b300ab77908dfe2/provinsi-jawa-barat-dalam-angka-2025.html
Budiarto, H., Pahlevi, S., Susenna, A., Kusumasari, D., Agustina, L., S., Y., . . . Rahmi, A. (2024). Strategi Pengembangan Masyarakat Digital Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika.
Burhan, M. (2024). Analisis sentimen publik terhadap aplikasi MyPertamina pada Google Playstore. Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro, 8(1), 1-24.
Citarum Harum Juara. (2023, August 24). Sapawarga, Superapps Solusi Layanan Publik di Jabar. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from
https://citarumharum.jabarprov.go.id/sapawarga-superapps-solusi-layanan-publik-di-jabar/.
Desy, C., & Alkis, A. (2018). Intelligent transport system dalam pengembangan smart city di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Reka Ruang, 1, 24–41. https://doi.org/10.33579/rkr.v1i2.1075.
Diskominfo Provinsi Jabar. (2023). Komitmen bersama program dan rencana aksi pembangunan smart province di Jawa Barat. https://bappeda.jabarprov.go.id/komitmen-bersama-program-dan-rencana-aksi-pembangunan-smart-province-di-jabar/.
Djunaedi, A., Marsoyo, A., Suharyanto, I., Roychansyah, M. S., Nugrahandika, W. H., Probosubanu, L., & Achmad, K. A. (2018). Langkah-langkah awal menuju smart city: Kasus Kota Yogyakarta 2016-2017. Bandung: Penerbit Nusa Media.
Djunaedi, A., Permadi, D., Nugroho, L. E., Widyawan, Rachmawati, R., Hidayat, A., & Egaravanda, S. (2018). Membangun kota dan kabupaten cerdas: Sebuah panduan bagi pemerintah daerah. Sleman: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Firhani. (2024, December 2). Berstatus sangat tinggi, IPM DIY 2024 tertinggi kedua di Indonesia. Kedaulatan Rakyat Jogja. Retrieved June 2, 2025, from
https://www.krjogja.com/yogyakarta/1245378008/berstatus-sangat-tinggi-ipm-diy-2024-tertinggi-kedua-di-indonesia.
Flores, V. A., Permatasari, P. A., & Jasa, L. (2020). Penerapan web scraping sebagai media pencarian dan penyimpanan artikel ilmiah secara otomatis berdasarkan keyword. Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro, 19(2), 157-162.
Hidayat, R. (2025, January 13). Pentingnya inklusivitas dalam pelayanan publik. Kompasiana. https://www.kompasiana.com/ridwanhidayat8040/6783fc58ed64154591591aa5/pentingnya-inklusivitas-dalam-pelayanan-publik.
Huyen, L. T., & Thai, N. H. (2024). Integrating ITS with smart city development: Case study of Vietnam. Transportation Research Procedia, 85, 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2025.03.140.
Jayanthi, R., & Dinaseviani, A. (2022). Kesenjangan digital dan solusi yang diterapkan di Indonesia selama pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal IPTEK-KOM, 24(2), 187-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/iptekkom.24.2.2022.187-200
Kementrian Komunikasi dan Digital Republik Indonesia. (2024). Index Masyarakat Digital Indonesia (IMDI). Indonesia: Komdigi. Retrieved June 3, 2025, from
https://bpsdm.komdigi.go.id/satker/pusbangesdmk/publikasi-indeks-masyarakat-digital-indonesia-imdi-tahun-2024-17-4
Kolotouchkina, O., Llorente Barroso, C., & Manfredi Sanchez, J. L. (2022). Smart cities, the digital divide, and people with disabilities. Cities, 132, 103613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103613.
Kominfo. (2022, December 2). Gerakan Smart City sebagai muara kemajuan transformasi digital Indonesia. Indonesia Terkoneksi, Makin Digital, Makin Maju. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/12/gerakan-smart-city-sebagai-muara-kemajuan-transformasi-digital-indonesia/
Latief, F., & Ayustira, N. (2020). Pengaruh online customer review dan customer rating terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kosmetik di Sociolla. Jurnal Mirai Management, 6(1), 139-154.
Lembaga Administrasi Negara. (2004). Sistem Administrasi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (SANKRI): Landasan dan pedoman pokok penyelenggaraan dan pengembangan sistem administrasi negara. Jakarta: LAN.
Liang, D., De Jong, M., Schraven, D., & Wang, L. (2021). Mapping key features and dimensions of the inclusive city: A systematic bibliometric analysis and literature study. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 28(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2021.1882651.
Liang, L., & Li, Y. (2023). How does government support promote digital economy development in China? The mediating role of regional innovation ecosystem resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 193, 122328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122328.
Matheus, R., Faber, R., Ismagilova, E., & Janssen, M. (2023). Digital transparency and the usefulness for open government. International Journal of Information Management, 73, 102690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102690.
Mufrida, I. (2024, May 17). Jawa Barat: Provinsi dengan jumlah penduduk terbanyak di Indonesia. GoodStats. https://goodstats.id/article/jawa-barat-provinsi-dengan-jumlah-penduduk-terbanyak-di-indonesia-luQXb
Nasution, R. D. (2016). Pengaruh kesenjangan digital terhadap pembangunan pedesaan (rural development). Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi dan Opini Publik, 20(1), 31-44.
Nugroho, R. A. (2023). Lanjutkan inovasi kota cerdas, Kominfo usung smart province mulai tahun depan. Retrieved March 26, 2025, from
https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/10/lanjutkan-inovasi-kota-cerdas-kominfo-usung-smart-province-mulai-tahun-depan/.
Nurahmani, A. (2022). Peranan hukum dalam pembangunan: Studi ketimpangan pembangunan Kawasan Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan. Padjajaran Law Review, 10(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v10i1.840.
Nurauliana, R., Fadilah, S., & Diana, S. (2023). Comparison of the implementation of smart city programs on the Islands of Java and Sumatra. Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.33084/restorica.v9i1.
Oktavianoor, R. (2020). Kesenjangan digital akibat kondisi demografis di kalangan masyarakat rural. Palimpsest: Journal of Information and Library Science, 11(1), 9-57.
Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. (2024). Peraturan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Nomor 32 Tahun 2024 tentang Rencana Induk Jogja Smart Province Tahun 2024-2028. Yogyakarta: Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Prabowo, H., Suwanda, D., & Syafri, W. (2022). Inovasi Pelayanan Pada Organisasi Publik. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Prajoko, D., Novianti, T., & Nugraheni, S. (2024, April 5). Tingkat pendidikan tinggi mendorong ketimpangan pendapatan di DIY. Republika. https://www.republika.id/posts/51836/tingkat-pendidikan-tinggi-mendorong-ketimpangan-pendapatan-di-diy.
Prateeppornnarong, D. (2025). Cities and sustainability: Exploring contributions, opportunities and challenges of smart city implementation towards social sustainability. Urban Governance, 5, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2025.02.005.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Rebana dan Kawasan Segitiga Rebana. Jakarta: Presiden Republik Indonesia.
Putri, N. Z. (2023). Konsep kesenjangan digital dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kesenjangan digital. FTSP Series: Seminar Nasional dan Diseminasi Tugas Akhir.
Rachmawati, R. (2019). ICT-based innovation in the smart city masterplan and its relation to regional planning. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 4th International Conference in Planning in the 2019 Era of Uncertainty, 1-5.
Rachmawati, R. (2019). Toward better city management through smart city implementation. Human Geographies-Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 13(2). https://www.humangeographies.org.ro/volume-13-issue-2-2019/1326-abstract#:~:text=http%3A//dx.doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2019.132.6.
Rachmawati, R., Haryono, E., & Rohmah, A. A. (2021). Developing smart city in the new capital of Indonesia. In IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Ramadhan, S., Fitri, H., Suganda, D., & Said, A. (2024). Buku Referensi Kebijakan Publik dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Medan: Media Penerbit Indonesia.
Rosidi, V., & Sakuntalawati, L. (2022). ULAS: Ketercapaian pelayanan publik yang efektif berbasis digital di Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, 9(2), 177-205. 10.22146/jps.v9i2.76232.
Rukmaningtyas, A.F., & Akbar, F.S. (2024). Pengaruh sikap masyarakat, transparansi, kepercayaan pada pemerintah, dan motivasi intrinsik terhadap niat masyarakat untuk menggunakan open government data di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Journal of Economic, Business, and Accounting (COSTING), 7(4). https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i5.11315.
Sanjaya, I. G. W., & Darma, G. S. (2023). Bali smart island: Smart City implementation in Bali Province. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 10(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v10i2.17325.
Setyasih, E. T. (2022). Transformasi digital pemerintah daerah di era Society 5.0: Studi kasus di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Papatung, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.54783/japp.v5i3.657.
Shin, S. Y., Kim, D., & Chun, S. A. (2021). Digital divide in advanced smart city innovations. Sustainability, 13(4076). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074076.
Shin, Y., & Huh, E. (2016). mCSQAM: Service Quality Assesment Model in Mobile Cloud Services Environment. Mobile Information System, 34(1), 1-9. 10.1155/2016/2517052.
Supriyatin, R., Pravitasari, A.E., & Pribadin, D.O. (2020). Pemetaan karakteristik wilayah urban dan rural di wilayah Bandung Raya dengan metode spatial clustering. Jurnal Geografi, 12(2), 125-136. 10.24114/jg.v12i02.17647.
Togala, R., Arsalim, & Parisu, C. (2025). Smart governance: Integrasi teknologi dan teori pemerintahan dalam pelayanan publik. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 5(2), 4116-4123. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i2.19868.
Trisya, C., Ahsyar, T., Syaifullah, & Fronita, M. (2024). Analisis kepuasan pengguna aplikasi jenius menggunakan metode end user computing satisfaction dan importance performance analysis. Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Aplikasi, 7(3), 951-962. 10.32493/jtsi.v7i3.40802.
van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2006). Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings. Poetics, 34, 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.004.
Wang, D., Zhou, T., & Wang, M. (2021). Information and communication technology (ICT), digital divide, and urbanization: Evidence from Chinese cities. Technology in Society, 64, 101516.
Wang, R., Xu, C. K., & Wu, X. (2024). Open government data (OGD) as a catalyst for smart city development: Empirical evidence from Chinese cities. Government Information Quarterly, 41, 101983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2024.101983.